The Need for a Safer Dig
Before hydro excavation, digging was done using shovels, backhoes, and trenchers - methods that often led to utility strikes and increased risk of property damage and on-the-job injuries. In the mid-20th century, vacuum excavation started gaining attention, primarily in Canada, where frozen ground made traditional digging a challenge. “They began experimenting with high-pressure water to break up soil without damaging underground infrastructure.”
Industry Growth and Adoption
“By the 1990s and early 2000s, hydro excavation technology had advanced significantly. More contractors and municipalities recognized its value in preventing utility strikes, reducing labor costs, and minimizing surface disruption.” Regulations also started shifting in favor of non-destructive digging, pushing hydro-excavation adoption even further.
Hydro Excavation Today
Now, hydro excavation is a go-to method for daylighting, potholing, and trenching near sensitive infrastructure, such as archaeological digs and historical sites, including high-risk areas with many utilities. Today’s units are more powerful, efficient, and capable of handling all types of soil conditions. Many operators, cities, and municipalities require hydro excavation for specific projects to prevent accidents and keep workers safe. Each year in the state of Texas, line strikes to utilities cost approximately 30 billion dollars, and at least 30% of those are due to the use of mechanized equipment.
Pros:
Safety: Hydro excavation is a safer method for exposing utility lines, by utilizing high-pressure water to loosen soil without damaging existing utilities.
Efficiency: This method goes beyond traditional digging methods, making it ideal for large or small-scale projects.
Environmental Impact: The process is less disruptive to the environment compared to conventional methods.
Versatility: Able to work with all soil types and conditions.
Cons:
Water Supply: A Requisite steady supply of water, which may be limited in some areas.
Cost: Initial truck purchases and operational costs can be higher compared to other excavation methods.
Backfilling: The slurry produced may not be suitable for backfilling, requiring additional materials.
Noise Pollution: Although it varies, most trucks run at 85 decibels or higher. OSHA standard for hearing protection is anything exceeding 85 dB.
Hydro excavation may seem like a modern innovation, but it has been utilized throughout North America for decades. This method of using pressurized water and a vacuum system to daylight underground utilities safely, has evolved from an afterthought to an industry standard.